B???o l???c h???c ???????ng ???? v?? ??ang tr??? th??nh v???n ????? nh???c nh???i cho x?? h???i, nh?? tr?????ng v?? gia ????nh, l?? th??ch th???c ng??y c??ng tr???m tr???ng t???i nhi???u n?????c tr??n th??? gi???i. B???o l???c h???c ???????ng kh??ng d???ng l???i ??? nh???ng t??c ?????ng v???t l?? l??n c?? th??? ng?????i kh??c, n?? bao g???m c??c h??nh vi b???o h??nh c??? v??? t??m l??, tinh th???n g??y ???nh h?????ng nghi??m tr???ng ?????n tr???.V???y b???o l???c h???c ???????ng l?? g??, bi???u hi???n b???o l???c h???c ???????ng v?? c??ch ph??ng ch???ng nh?? th??? n??o? H??y t??m hi???u v?? ph??ng tr??nh b???o l???c h???c ???????ng qua b??i vi???t n??y nh??!
gia dinh cung phong 6561 1684318084
CHUNG TAY PH??NG CH???NG B???O L???C H???C ???????NG
B???o l???c h???c ???????ng l?? nh???ng h??nh vi th?? b???o, ngang ng?????c, b???t ch???p c??ng l??, ?????o l??, x??c ph???m tr???n ??p ng?????i kh??c g??y n??n nh???ng t???n th????ng v??? tinh th???n v?? th??? x??c di???n ra trong ph???m vi tr?????ng h???c.
C??c h??nh th???c b???o l???c h???c ???????ng ph??? bi???n hi???n nay
B???o l???c h???c ???????ng c?? th??? di???n ra theo nhi???u h??nh th???c kh??c nhau. Trong ???? c??c h??nh th???c th?????ng th???y nh???t bao g???m:
B???o l???c th??? x??c: ????? c???p ?????n b???t c??? h??nh th???c g??y h???n n??o v??? th??? ch???t, s??? d???ng v?? kh??. Ch???ng h???n nh?? ?????m, ????, gi???t t??c, k??o r??ch qu???n/ ??o ho???c s??? d???ng c??c v?? kh?? nh?? roi, g???y, v???t c???ng??? ????? g??y b???o l???c hay ??e d???a n???n nh??n.
B???o l???c t??m l??: Bao g???m c??c h??nh vi l???m d???ng t??nh c???m v?? l???i n??i. ??i???u n??y c?? th??? li??n quan t???i vi???c l??ng m???, c?? l???p, ??e d???a, l??m nh???c, ch??? gi???u, n??i d???i, tr???ng ph???t ho???c tung tin ?????n v??? ng?????i kh??c.
B???o l???c t??nh d???c: ????? c???p ?????n c??c t??nh tr???ng qu???y r???i t??nh d???c, ??e d???a t??nh d???c, c?????ng b???c, ?????ng ch???m kh??ng mong mu???n v?? c?????ng hi???p.
B???o l???c kinh t???: Bao g???m c??c h??nh vi tr???n l???t ????? v???t ho???c ti???n b???c, ph?? lo???i ????? ?????c c???a b???n h???c. ????y l?? h??nh th???c b???o h??nh h???c ???????ng kh??c ph??? bi???n nh??ng hi???n v???n c??n ??t ???????c quan t??m nghi??n c???u h??n so v???i nh???ng h??nh th???c b???o l???c kh??c.
??e d???a tr???c tuy???n: Bao g???m l???m d???c t??nh d???c ho???c t??m l?? tr??n c??c ph????ng ti???n truy???n th??ng x?? h???i ho???c c??c n???n t???ng tr???c tuy???n kh??c. ??i???u n??y th?????ng li??n quan ?????n vi???c ????ng th??ng tin sai l???ch, tin ?????n ??c ??, b??nh lu???n g??y t???n th????ng, ????ng ???nh ho???c video nh???y c???m l??n m???ng x?? h???i. ??e d???a tr???c tuy???n c??ng c?? th??? ??? d???ng lo???i tr??? n???n nh??n kh???i c??c nh??m ho???c m???ng x?? h???i.
H???u qu??? nghi??m tr???ng c???a v???n n???n b???o l???c h???c ???????ng
B???o l???c h???c ???????ng c?? th??? ???nh h?????ng x???u ?????n c??? nh???ng ?????a tr??? tr???i nghi???m v?? ch???ng ki???n c??ng nh?? cha m??? c???a ch??ng ?????ng th???i khi???n cho ch???t l?????ng gi??o d???c ??i xu???ng. C??? th??? nh?? sau:
1. ???nh h?????ng ?????n tr??? em b??? b???o h??nh
Tr??? em t???ng l?? n???n nh??n c???a b???o h??nh ho???c ti???p x??c v???i b???o h??nh ??? m???t m???c ????? n??o ???? ????i khi s??? tin r???ng tr??? n??n b???o l???c ch??nh l?? c??ch duy nh???t gi??p ch??ng ???????c an to??n. Khi th???c hi???n h??nh vi b???o l???c, ch??ng c?? th??? c???m th???y th???a m??n v?? nhu c???u v??? s???c m???nh c??ng nh?? s??? an to??n ???????c ?????m b???o.
Tuy nhi??n, c???m gi??c th???a m??n ch??? t???n t???i trong th???i gian ng???n. B???i sau ???? ch??ng b???t ?????u t??? ra s??? h??i b??? tr???ng ph???t ho???c g???p qu??? b??o. ??i???u n??y c?? th??? g??y ra t???c gi???n, ????i khi c??n d???n t???i b???o l???c h??n do ch??ng s??? h??i nh???ng g?? c?? th??? x???y ra n???u ch??ng kh??ng t??? b???o v??? m??nh.
B???o l???c h???c ???????ng l?? ch???n th????ng t??m l?? v?? c?? kh??? n??ng g??y ra ??au kh??? t??m l?? ????ng k???. Tr?????ng h???p m???t ng?????i n??o ???? c?? n??o b??? ch??a ph??t tri???n ?????y ????? b??? ch???n th????ng th?? n??o c???a h??? c?? th??? b??? t??c ?????ng nghi??m tr???ng. ??i???u n??y ???nh h?????ng r???t l???n ?????n s??? t???p trung, ch?? ??, kh??? n??ng ki???m so??t c???m x??c c??ng nh?? s???c kh???e l??u d??i c???a h???.
??? m???t kh??a c???nh kh??c, n???n nh??n c???a b???o l???c h???c ???????ng c?? th??? b??? th????ng, tr???i qua nh???ng v???t tr???y x?????c, b???m t??m hay th???m ch?? l?? g??y x????ng, t??n t???t ho???c ch???n ?????ng. Theo m???t nghi??n c???u v??o n??m 2019 th?? tr??? em b??? b???o l???c h???c ???????ng c?? nguy c?? g???p c??c t??nh tr???ng s???c kh???e th??? ch???t v?? tinh th???n l??u d??i.
C??c v???n ????? c?? th??? g???p th?????ng bao g???m l???m d???ng ch???t k??ch th??ch, r???i lo???n g???n k???t, ti???u ???????ng, b??o ph??, b???nh tim, c??c b???nh h?? h???p??? Ai ???? c??ng tr???i qua tu???i th?? b??? b???o l???c th?? s??? c??ng c?? nhi???u r???i ro ?????i v???i s???c kh???e tinh th???n v?? th??? ch???t c???a h??? khi tr?????ng th??nh.
H???c sinh l?? n???n nh??n c???a b???o l???c h???c ???????ng s??? b??? ???nh h?????ng nghi??m tr???ng v??? c??? s???c kh???e tinh th???n l???n th??? ch???t
2. ???nh h?????ng ?????n tr??? em ch???ng ki???n b???o l???c h???c ???????ng
Tr??? em ch???ng ki???n b???o l???c h???c ???????ng c?? th??? c???m th???y t???i l???i khi nh??n th???y n??. Th???m ch?? l?? qu?? s??? h??i v?? kh??ng d??m ng??n ch???n n??.
Ngo??i ra, tr??? em tr???i qua ho???c ch???ng ki???n b???o l???c th?? ni???m tin c?? b???n c???a ch??ng v??? cu???c s???ng v?? v??? ng?????i kh??c th?????ng b??? thay ?????i. Ch??ng kh??ng c??n tin r???ng th??? gi???i l?? an to??n v?? ??i???u n??y c?? th??? g??y t???n h???i l??u d??i ?????n s???c kh???e tinh th???n.
K??? c??? nh???ng em ch??? ch???ng ki???n ch??? kh??ng tham gia h??nh vi b???o l???c c??ng b??? ???nh h?????ng. Ch???ng ki???n nh???ng h??nh vi b???o l???c khi???n c??c em c???m th???y s??? h??i, v?? n???u th???y nh???ng k??? g??y ra b???o l???c kh??ng b??? tr???ng tr??? th?? nh???ng em ch???ng ki???n c??ng c?? th??? h??a theo s??? ????ng, ???ng h??? h??nh vi n??y, v?? c?? nhi???u kh??? n??ng tr??? th??nh k??? c?? h??nh vi b???o l???c trong t????ng lai.
3. T??c ?????ng ?????n cha m???
Nh???ng b???c ph??? huynh c?? con l?? n???n nh??n c???a t??nh tr???ng n??y, h??? c??ng s??? r??i v??o tr???ng th??i ho???ng h???t v?? lo l???ng. Th???m ch?? kh??ng bi???t ph???i x??? tr?? nh?? th??? n??o cho ph?? h???p v?? ????ng ?????n.
C??c b???c cha m??? c?? th??? ph???n ???ng v???i b???o l???c h???c ???????ng theo nhi???u c??ch kh??c nhau. M???t s??? cha m??? c?? th??? khuy???n kh??ch con c??i c???a h??? b???t n???t ng?????i kh??c. H??? c?? suy ngh?? m??o m?? r???ng b???o l???c ch??nh l?? s???c m???nh.
Trong khi ???? m???t s??? cha m??? kh??c l???i l???i c??? g???ng d???y con h??? h??nh ?????ng theo c??ch kh??ng thu h??t s??? b???t n???t ho???c b???o l???c. Tuy nhi??n ??i???u n??y th?????ng kh??ng mang l???i hi???u qu??? v?? n?? c?? th??? khi???n ?????a tr??? t??? tr??ch b???n th??n m???i khi b??? b???t n???t.
Kh??ng kh?? v?? cu???c s???ng gia ????nh b??? x??o tr???n, c??ng th???ng, lo l???ng.
C??ng c?? nh???ng b???c ph??? huynh ch??? ?????ng v?? c??? g???ng l??m vi???c v???i nh?? tr?????ng khi c???n thi???t ????? gi??? an to??n cho con c???a h???. C?? v??? nh?? ????y l?? gi???i ph??p hi???u qu??? v?? l??u d??i nh???t m?? c??c b???c cha m??? c???n ch?? ?? ?????n.
4. ???nh h?????ng ?????n nh?? tr?????ng v?? ch???t l?????ng gi??o d???c
B???o l???c h???c ???????ng c?? th??? khi???n cho m??i tr?????ng gi??o d???c tr??? n??n ti??u c???c. C??ng v???i ???? l?? ch???t l?????ng gi??o d???c c??ng b??? suy gi???m r?? r???t. C??c em h???c sinh l?? n???n nh??n c???a b???o h??nh th?????ng c?? xu h?????ng s??? h??i v?? kh??ng th??? t???p trung v??o vi???c h???c. Nhi???u em c??n kh??ng d??m ?????n tr?????ng d???n ?????n k???t qu??? h???c t???p sa s??t, th???m ch?? ph???i thi l???i ho???c l??u ban.
H???c sinh g??y b???o l???c c??ng s??? ph???i ?????i m???t v???i vi???c ch???u k??? lu???t t??? ph??a nh?? tr?????ng. Th???m ch?? ??? m???c ????? nghi??m tr???ng c??n ph???i ch???u tr??ch nhi???m tr?????c ph??p lu???t. Ngo??i ra, nh???ng em h???c sinh g??y b???o l???c c??ng th?????ng c?? k???t qu??? h???c t???p k??m, kh??ng t???p trung v??o vi???c h???c m?? ch??? th??ch th??? hi???n s???c m???nh v?? c??i t??i c?? nh??n.
?????i v???i nh???ng em h???c sinh kh??ng ph???i l?? n???n nh??n ho???c kh??ng tham gia b???o h??nh m?? ch??? ch???ng ki???n c??ng b??? ???nh h?????ng kh??ng ??t. Ch??ng lu??n ph???i s???ng trong t??m th??? s??? h??i v?? lo l???ng. ??i???u n??y s??? t??c ?????ng x???u ?????n qu?? tr??nh h???c t???p. M???t m??i tr?????ng h???c t???p ti??u c???c s??? k??o theo ch???t l?????ng gi??o d???c ??i xu???ng r?? r???t.
Ngo??i ra, nh???ng h??nh vi b???o l???c h???c ???????ng c???a h???c sinh s??? tr??? th??nh n???i b???t an c???a ph??? huynh khi g???i con em m??nh ?????n tr?????ng, l??m m???t ??i ?? ngh??a c???a m??i tr?????ng gi??o d???c l???nh m???nh trong s??ng.
5.???nh h?????ng c???a b???o l???c h???c ???????ng ?????i v???i ng?????i b???o h??nh
Khi h??nh h??? ng?????i kh??c, ch??nh b???n th??n c??c em c??ng ??ang b???t ???n. L??u d???n, l???i s???ng b???o l???c s??? l??m sai l???ch s??? ph??t tri???n nh??n c??ch.
B???o l???c h???c ???????ng ???????c xem l?? m???t nguy??n nh??n l??m t??ng t??? l??? t???i ph???m tu???i v??? th??nh ni??n. Theo th???ng k?? c???a B??? C??ng An, m???i th??ng c?? h??n 1.000 thanh thi???u ni??n ph???m t???i. Trong ????, 17% l?? thanh thi???u ni??n t??? 14 ?????n 18 tu???i.
Theo b??o c??o c???a T???ng c???c C???nh s??t ph??ng ch???ng t???i ph???m, t??? n??m 2013 ?????n n??m 2015, c?? h??n 25.00 v??? ph???m ph??p h??nh s??? v???i 42.000 ?????i t?????ng. Trong ???? h??n 75% l?? thanh ni??n v?? h???c sinh, sinh vi??n.
H???u qu??? c???a b???o l???c h???c ???????ng ?????i v???i k??? b???t n???t ???? l?? c??ng d??ng n???m ?????m ????? gi???i quy???t v???n ?????; c??c em c??ng m???t ??i s??? ch??n thi???n trong b???n t??nh. Khi b???o l???c g??y h???u qu??? nghi??m tr???ng v?? b??? ph??p lu???t tr???ng tr???; c??c em s??? g??nh ch???u h???u qu??? n???ng n???, ???nh h?????ng ?????n t????ng lai. ?????c bi???t, nh???ng ?????a tr??? c?? h??nh vi b???o l???c, l???m d???ng quy???n h??nh t??? khi c??n nh???, khi l???n l??n c?? th??? m???c ph???i nh???ng h??nh vi t???i ??c nhi???u h??n nh???ng ?????a tr??? kh??c. Tr??? em li??n l???y v??o h??nh vi b???o l???c d?? ??? vai tr?? n??y hay vai tr?? kia c??ng ?????u c?? nguy c?? l???m d???ng r?????u, thu???c l??, v?? c??c lo???i ma t??y.
6. ???nh h?????ng ?????n x?? h???i
???nh h?????ng ?????n nh???ng n??t v??n h??a truy???n th???ng, nh???ng chu???n m???c ?????o ?????c qu?? gi??: Gi??? ????y c?? nh???ng h???c tr?? ngang nhi??n c??i l???i th???y, c?? gi??o. Con c??i c??i l???i b??? m???.
B???n b?? ????nh ?????m, x???y ra kh?? th?????ng xuy??n. Ch??nh nh???ng h??nh ?????ng ???y ???? c??ng l??m lu m??? nh???ng n??t v??n h??a truy???n th???ng c???a x?? h???i, th??? hi???n m???t s??? suy ?????i v??? m???t ?????o ?????c v?? s??? sai l???ch v??? m???t h??nh vi m???t c??ch ????ng b??o ?????ng.
Nguy??n nh??n d???n ?????n b???o l???c h???c ???????ng:
Th??? nh???t, ???? l?? nguy??n nh??n t??? ch??nh c??c em h???c sinh.
- Gi???i t??nh;
- L???a tu???i;
- C???p h???c;
- H???c l???c;
?????i t?????ng tham gia ????nh nhau h???u h???t l?? h???c sinh ??? cu???i c???p trung h???c c?? s??? v?? trung h???c ph??? th??ng (t??? 12-17 tu???i), ????y l?? l???a tu???i m?? t??m, sinh l?? c??c em c?? nhi???u bi???n ?????i, suy ngh?? b???ng b???t, th??ch t??? ch???ng t??? b???n th??n, d??? b??? b???n b?? r??? r??, l??i k??o, t??m l?? c?? nh???ng n??t b???t ???n, ????i l??c b???c ?????ng, kh??ng ki???m so??t ???????c h??nh vi b???n th??n. Trong giai ??o???n n??y, ch??? c???n s??? t??c ?????ng, k??ch th??ch x???u t??? b??n ngo??i c??ng khi???n c??c em h???c theo, do s??? ph??t tri???n thi???u to??n di???n, thi???u h???t v??? nh??n c??ch, thi???u kh??? n??ng ???ng x???, s??? non n???t trong k??? n??ng s???ng, s??? sai l???ch trong quan ??i???m, chu???n m???c s???ng... s??? d???n ?????n nh???n th???c v?? h??nh ?????ng sai.
Th??? hai, nguy??n nh??n t??? m??i tr?????ng gia ????nh v?? x?? h???i:
- M??i tr?????ng ?????u ti??n m?? m???i ?????a tr??? ???????c sinh ra ti???p x??c l?? gia ????nh, b???, m??? l?? nh???ng ng?????i c?? ???nh h?????ng ?????u ti??n v?? quan tr???ng nh???t ?????n vi???c h??nh th??nh t??nh c??ch, nh??n c??ch v?? ?????nh h?????ng s???ng c???a con c??i. Trong t??nh h??nh hi???n nay, c?? kh??ng ??t ??ng b???, b?? m??? d???y con b???ng c??ch la m???ng, ????nh ?????p th?? b???o con khi con m???c sai l???m, d???n d???n ???? h??nh th??nh trong con c??i t??nh hung h??ng h??n. C??c y???u t??? nh??:
- Th??i ????? nu??i d???y tr??? r???t ?????c ??o??n
- Th???c h??nh k??? lu???t qu?? l???ng l???o, kh???c nghi???t ho???c r???t m??u thu???n
- Tr??nh ????? h???c v???n v?? thu nh???p c???a cha m??? th???p
- Cha m??? l???m d???ng ch???t k??ch th??ch ho???c l?? t???i ph???m
Vi???c con c??i ti???p x??c v???i v??n h??a nh?? phim ???nh, s??ch b??o, game, ????? ch??i (ki???m, s??ng) mang t??nh b???o l???c... c??ng g??y ra nh???ng t??c ?????ng ti??u c???c, th??c ?????y s??? gia t??ng t??nh hung h??ng ??? tr???.
M??i tr?????ng x?? h???i c??ng l?? nguy??n nh??n quan tr???ng g??y ra t??nh tr???ng b???o l???c h???c ???????ng. ??a s??? nh???ng v??? vi???c b???o l???c h???c ???????ng th?????ng x???y ra v???i nh???ng thanh thi???u ni??n s???ng trong c???ng ?????ng d??n c?? c?? m??i tr?????ng s???ng thi???u th???n, tr??nh ????? d??n tr?? th???p, ngh??o kh???, nhi???u ?????i t?????ng ngh??? h???c s???m, ch??i b???i l??u l???ng, n??i c?? nhi???u t??? n???n x?? h???i... khi ti???p x??c v???i nhi???u ?????i t?????ng x???u ???? ???? t??c ?????ng x???u t???i c??c em, d???n d???n ????a v??o m??i tr?????ng h???c ???????ng v?? t??c ?????ng, ???nh h?????ng ?????n nh???ng h???c sinh kh??c trong nh?? tr?????ng.
Th??? ba, nguy??n nh??n t??? nh?? tr?????ng: c??c tr?????ng h???c c??n n???ng v??? vi???c truy???n th??? ki???n th???c cho h???c sinh, ????i khi l??ng qu??n nhi???m v??? gi??o d???c con ng?????i. M???i quan h??? gi???a nh?? tr?????ng v?? gia ????nh v?? ch??nh quy???n ?????a ph????ng c??n l???ng l???o???
III. ?????ng c?? c???a b???o l???c h???c ???????ng
S??? kh??ng bao gi??? c?? ???????c c??u tr??? l???i ????n gi???n ho???c r?? r??ng cho l?? do t???i sao m???t h???c sinh l???i tr??? n??n b???o l???c. Tuy nhi??n h???u h???t c??c h??nh ?????ng b???o l???c c???a tr??? ?????u s??? x???y ra b???i m???t ho???c nhi???u l?? do kh??c nhau. Vi???c hi???u r?? h??n nh???ng ??i???u n??y b???n c?? th??? d??? d??ng ng??n ch???n h??nh vi b???o l???c c???a tr??? tr?????c khi n?? b???t ?????u.
Tr??? th?????ng th???c hi???n h??nh vi b???o l???c v?? nh???ng l?? do sau ????y:
- B??y t??? c???m x??c t???c gi???n ho???c th???t v???ng.
- Ki???m so??t ng?????i kh??c.
- Mu???n tr??? ????a b???n h???c ???? t???ng l??m t???n th????ng ch??ng.
C??ch ph??ng tr??nh b???o l???c h???c ???????ng:
* ?????i v???i h???c sinh:
??? T??ch c???c r??n luy???n k?? n??ng s???ng, ngoan ngo??n l??? ph??p v???i ??ng b??, b??? m???, v???i th???y c?? gi??o.
??? Ch???p h??nh t???t n???i quy tr?????ng l???p.
??? Tr??nh xa b???o l???c, n??i kh??ng v???i b???o l???c.
??? N???u th???y hi???n t?????ng b???o l???c ph???i k???p th???i b??o ngay cho nh?? tr?????ng, th???y c?? gi??o ho???c c?? quan c?? th???m quy???n ????? k???p th???i can thi???p v?? x??? l??.
??? H???c c??ch ki???m ch??? c???m x??c.
- X??ng h?? giao ti???p v???i b???n b?? b???ng ng??n t??? l???ch s???, chu???n m???c trong s??ng.
??? T??ch c???c tham gia v??o c??c ho???t ?????ng t??nh nguy???n m?? nh?? tr?????ng t??? ch???c nh???n t??ng t??nh thi???n v?? t??nh h?????ng thi???n trong con ng?????i c??c em.
* ?????i v???i nh?? tr?????ng, gia ????nh v?? ?????a ph????ng:
??? C?? h??nh ph???t v?? c??ch gi??o d???c nghi??m kh???c, ph?? h???p ?????i v???i nh???ng h???c sinh g??y ra b???o l???c, v?? c?? h??nh th???c h??? tr??? k???p th???i ?????i v???i n???n nh??n c???a c??c v??? b???o l???c.
??? Ph???i h???p v???i gia ????nh v?? c?? quan ??o??n th??? ????ng tr??n ?????a b??n x?? trong c??ng cu???c ph??ng tr??nh b???o l???c h???c ???????ng.
??? Th?????ng xuy??n quan t??m, theo d??i v?? n???m b???t t??nh h??nh c???a c??c em h???c sinh trong l???p m??nh ho???c trong tr?????ng
??? T???o m??i tr?????ng h???c t???p v?? gi???ng d???y trong s??ng l??nh m???nh.
??? B??? m??? c???n t???o ra m???t m??i tr?????ng s???ng l??nh m???nh, y??u th????ng cho con c??i
??? ?????ng th???i ph???i h???p ch???t ch??? v???i nh?? tr?????ng v?? gi??o vi??n ch??? nhi???m ????? k???p th???i n???m b???t t??nh h??nh h???c t???p c???a con em m??nh t???i tr?????ng h???c.