TR?????NG THCS NG?? S??? LI??N

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Nh???ng k??? n??ng tho??t kh???i ????m ch??y c???n bi???t

Khi ph??t hi???n c?? ????m ch??y b???n ?????ng qu?? ho???ng h???t v?? s??? h??i, ??i???u ?????u ti??n l?? ph???i ???n ?????nh nh???p th???, b??nh t??nh ????? t??m c??ch x??? l??
Nh???ng k??? n??ng tho??t kh???i ????m ch??y c???n bi???t


Th??? nh???t, t??m c??ch d???p l???a (n???u c?? th???)

Khi ph??t hi???n c?? ????m ch??y b???n ?????ng qu?? ho???ng h???t v?? s??? h??i, ??i???u ?????u ti??n l?? ph???i ???n ?????nh nh???p th???, b??nh t??nh ????? t??m c??ch x??? l??. B???n n??n quan s??t xem v??? tr?? ng???n l???a v?? kh??i ??? ????u. N???u ????m ch??y nh??? b???n n??n t??m c??ch d???p l???a, c?? th??? d??ng b??nh b???t, b??nh kh?? CO2, c??t, ch??n ?????t ho???c nh???ng th??? kh??c m?? b???n c?? th??? ki???m ???????c ngay quanh ???? c?? kh??? n??ng d???p l???a.

Trong tr?????ng h???p ????m ch??y qu?? l???n kh??ng th??? d???p l???a th?? ph???i nhanh ch??ng t??m c??ch tho??t hi???m. H??t l??n cho m???i ng?????i trong nh?? bi???t ????? c??ng tho??t hi???m, ngay sau ???? h??y l???p t???c ???n m??y g???i 114 ????? ???????c tr??? gi??p.

- Th??? hai, c?? k??? ho???ch tho??t hi???m t??? tr?????c

B???n n??n c?? m???t k??? ho???ch tho??t th??n khi ????m ch??y x???y ra. C??? gia ????nh n??n ng???i l???i ????? ph??c th???o m???t b???n ????? cho k??? ho???ch tho??t hi???m c???a m??nh. Kh??i t??? ????m ch??y c?? th??? g??y kh?? nh??n m???i ????? v???t, v?? th???, vi???c h???c v?? nh??? c??c c??ch ra kh???i nh?? l?? r???t quan tr???ng. C?? bao nhi??u l???i tho??t hi???m? L??m th??? n??o ????? ??i t???i nh???ng l???i tho??t hi???m ????? 

- Th??? ba, khi tho??t hi???m, c???n nh??? nh???ng ??i???u sau:

Kh??ng c??? thu nh???ng ????? c?? gi?? tr??? hay ??i t??m v???t nu??i trong nh??. B???n n??n tho??t kh???i ????m ch??y c??ng nhanh c??ng t???t n???u c?? th???.

Kh??ng c??? t??m hi???u nguy??n nh??n ????m ch??y x???y ra khi l???a ???? ch??y qu?? l???n.

S??? d???ng kh??n ?????t b???t m???t tr??nh h??t ph???i qu?? nhi???u kh??i ?????c.

Ng???t c???u dao ??i???n n??i x???y ra ????m ch??y, ??i???n g??y ch??y n??? s??? khi???n ????m ch??y b??ng ph??t nhanh h??n.

Khi ra ngo??i, ch??? m??? c???a b???n c???n v?? ????ng t???t c??? c??c c???a ??ang m??? ????? ng??n ????m ch??y lan nhanh.

Tr?????c khi m??? c???a, h??y ?????t mu b??n tay l??n c??nh c???a, n???u th???y ???m, ?????ng m??? - m???t kia c???a c??nh c???a ??ang ch??y. D??ng mu b??n tay ????? th???, kh??ng d??ng l??ng b??n tay. V?? l??ng b??n tay b??? b???ng s??? c???n tr??? vi???c tho??t th??n c???a b???n khi b???n b?? hay xu???ng thang c???u h???a.

N???u qu??? ?????m c???a m??t, v?? b???n kh??ng nh??n th???y kh??i quanh c???a, b???n c?? th??? m??? c???a r???t ch???m v?? c???n th???n. Khi m??? c???a, n???u b???n th???y l???a b??ng l??n, hay c?? kh??i x??ng v??o ph??ng, h??y ????ng c???a th???t nhanh v?? ?????m b???o ch???c ch???n r???ng n?? ???? ???????c ????ng ch???t.

N???u ??ang ch???y tho??t c??ng ng?????i kh??c, h??y ??i c??ng nhau n???u c?? th???.

R???t c?? th??? l???i tho??t b??? ch??y ho???c c?? kh??i, v?? th???, b???n c???n ph???i bi???t nh???ng l???i tho??t kh??c ??? ch??? n??o. Ngo??i ra, n???u b???n s???ng trong chung c??, b???n c??ng c???n ph???i bi???t c??ch t???t nh???t ?????n c???u thang hay c??c l???i tho??t hi???m kh??c.

Tuy???t ?????i kh??ng s??? d???ng thang m??y khi x???y ra h???a ho???n.

- Th??? t??, lu??n gi??? c?? th??? ??? v??? tr?? th???p

N???u b???n th???y c?? kh??i trong nh??, h??y gi??? c?? th??? m??nh ??? v??? tr?? th???p g???n s??n khi t??m ???????ng tho??t hi???m. Tr??n th???c t???, trong m???t ????m ch??y, kh??i v?? kh?? ?????c l??m nhi???u ng?????i b??? h???i h??n l?? l???a. B???n s??? h??t ??t kh??i h??n n???u c?? th??? b???n ??? g???n s??t n???n nh??. Theo t??? nhi??n, kh??i bay l??n cao, v?? th???, n???u c?? kh??i khi b???n ??ang tr??n ???????ng tho??t hi???m, ??? v??? tr?? th???p c?? ngh??a b???n b?? d?????i kh??i. B???n c?? th??? c??i s??t xu???ng s??n nh??, b?? b???ng b??n tay v?? ?????u g???i d?????i ????m kh??i.

Tho??t hi???m qua c???a d???n ra ngo??i n??n l?? l???a ch???n ?????u ti??n c???a b???n, nh??ng b???n c??ng c?? th??? ki???m tra xem c???a s??? c?? th??? l?? l???i ch???y tho??t ???????c kh??ng. Th???m ch?? c???a s??? tr??n t???ng cao c??ng c?? ??ch khi b???n c???n gi??p ?????, t??? l??nh c???u h???a, hay t??? ng?????i kh??c.

- Th??? n??m, n???u qu???n ??o c???a b???n b??? ch??y

H??y b??nh t??nh, ?????ng ch???y v??ng quanh, b???n s??? ch??? qu???t cho ng???n l???a v?? l??m ch??ng ch??y nhanh h??n th??i.

N???m xu???ng, vi???c n??y gi??p l???a kh?? lan ra h??n v?? gi???m t??c ?????ng c???a l???a l??n m???t v?? ?????u b???n (l???a ch??y t??? d?????i l??n tr??n).

D???p l???a, bao tr??m ng???n l???a b???ng v???t li???u n???ng, nh?? ??o kho??c hay ch??n, vi???c n??y gi??p ph?? v??? ngu???n cung c???p oxi cho l???a. Ho???c l??n ng?????i v??ng quanh ????? gi??p d???p l???a.

- Th??? s??u, l??m g?? khi kh??ng th??? ra ngo??i ngay l???p t???c

+ B???n kh??ng th??? tho??t ra ngo??i nhanh ???????c v?? l???a hay kh??i ???? ch???n m???t l???i tho??t:

N???u b???n ??? t???ng tr???t, ra ngo??i b???ng c???a s???: n??m ch??n, g???i, ?????m xu???ng ?????t ??? b??n ngo??i ????? ????? b???n.

N???u b???n kh??ng th??? m??? c???a s???, h??y d??ng m???t v???t n???ng ????? ?????p v??? n?? ??? g??c cu???i, khi ch???m v??o c??c m??p s???c c???n d??ng v???i, kh??n m???t hay ch??n ????? tr??nh b??? c???a v??o tay.

H??? tr??? xu???ng c??ng th???p c??ng t???t tr?????c khi th??? b?? xu???ng ????? ng?????i l???n ????? tr??? n???u c?? th???.

H??? th???p c?? th??? b???n b???ng c??ch ?????t tay l??n b???c c???a s??? tr?????c khi th??? m??nh xu???ng.

+ N???u kh??ng th??? ra ngo??i, h??y t???p h???p m???i ng?????i v??o m???t ph??ng

Ch???n m???t ph??ng c?? c???a s??? n???u c?? th???; H??y ng??n kh??i v?? l???a v??o qua c???a b???ng c??ch ch???n c??c khe h??? quanh c???a v???i kh??n tr???i gi?????ng, ch??n, qu???n ??o ho???c b??ng d??nh.

N???u trong ph??ng c?? c???a s??? nh??ng kh??ng gi??p b???n tho??t ra ???????c, h??y m??? n?? ra v?? ?????ng tr?????c c???a s??? ????? h??t th??? v?? g???i gi??p ?????.

N???u b???n c?? th??? l???y ???????c m???t m???nh qu???n ??o hay kh??n m???t, h??y ?????t n?? tr??n mi???ng ????? kh??ng h??t kh??i v??o. T???t h??n n???u b???n nh??ng ?????t mi???ng v???i tr?????c khi che l??n mi???ng.

Ngay t??? b??y gi???, h??y ngh?? xem ph??ng n??o l?? t???t nh???t, b???n c???n m???t c???a s??? c?? th??? m??? ???????c, v?? n???u c?? th???, m???t chi???c ??i???n tho???i ????? g???i c???p c???u.

D?? c?? s??? h??i, b???n c??ng kh??ng bao gi??? ???????c n???p d?????i g???m gi?????ng hay ph??ng ????? ?????. V?? khi ????, s??? r???t kh?? kh??n ????? l??nh c???u h???a t??m ra b???n. H??y nh??? r???ng l??nh c???u h???a v?? nh???ng ng?????i kh??c s??? t??m b???n ????? gi???i tho??t cho b???n. H??? t??m th???y b???n c??ng s???m, b???n s??? ra ngo??i ???????c c??ng nhanh.

- Th??? b???y, tuy???t ?????i kh??ng quay l???i

N???u ra ngo??i ???????c, b???n n??n t??m m???t n??i an to??n g???n nh?? ????? ?????i. N???u c??n c?? ng?????i trong nh??, h??y ?????i ?????i l??nh c???u h???a t???i. B???n c?? th??? k??? v???i h??? v??? ng?????i b??? m???c k???t v?? h??? s??? t??m ng?????i m???c k???t gi??p b???n nhanh h??n.

N???u quay l???i nh?? b??? ch??y, b???n s??? l??m cho nh???ng n??? l???c c???u ng?????i m???t t??ch c???a l??nh c???u h???a b??? ch???m l???i, ?????ng th???i t??? ?????t b???n th??n v??o t??nh hu???ng r???t nguy hi???m.

- Th??? t??m, trang b??? nh???ng thi???t b??? ph??ng ch??y, ch???a ch??y cho gia ????nh ho???c c??c c?? s??? kinh doanh

????? ????? ph??ng ch??y, h???a ho???n c?? th??? x???y ra b???t c??? l??c n??o, b???n v?? gia ????nh n??n trang b??? cho m??nh nh???ng thi???t b??? ph??ng ch??y, ch???a ch??y, tho??t hi???m nh??: B??nh c???u h???a, m???t n??? ch???ng ?????c, d??y tho??t hi???m,... ????? b???o v??? an to??n t??nh m???ng cho gia ????nh c??ng nh?? b???n th??n.

Tr??n ????y l?? m???t s??? k??? n??ng c?? b???n ????? tho??t kh???i ????m ch??y, ngo??i nh???ng k??? n??ng tr??n, thi???t ngh?? m???i ng?????i d??n tr?????c khi x??y d???ng nh?? ??? ho???c c??c c?? s??? kinh doanh bu??n b??n n??n g???p c??c c?? quan chuy??n m??n ????? ???????c t?? v???n thi???t k??? ng??i nh?? (c?? l???i tho??t hi???m khi c?? s??? c??? x???y ra) ngay t??? ban ?????u ????? thu???n ti???n cho vi???c ??n, ???, sinh ho???t, ?????c bi???t l?? an to??n cho c?? nh??n, gia ????nh v?? nh???ng ng?????i xung quanh. 

Tác giả: THCSNSL

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