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K?? n??ng ph??ng tr??nh tai n???n ??u???i n?????c

??Nh?? ch??ng ta ???? bi???t ??u???i n?????c l?? m???t tai n???n b???t ng??? x???y ra, kh??ng c?? nguy??n nh??n r?? r??ng v?? kh?? l?????ng tr?????c ???????c v?? g??y ra nh???ng th????ng t???n th???c th??? tr??n c?? th??? ng?????i v?? c?? th??? x???y ra m???i l??c, m???i n??i nh???t l?? ??? l???a tu???i h???c sinh
PC DUOI NUOC

PC DUOI NUOC

         Nh?? ch??ng ta ???? bi???t ??u???i n?????c l?? m???t tai n???n b???t ng??? x???y ra, kh??ng c?? nguy??n nh??n r?? r??ng v?? kh?? l?????ng tr?????c ???????c v?? g??y ra nh???ng th????ng t???n th???c th??? tr??n c?? th??? ng?????i v?? c?? th??? x???y ra m???i l??c, m???i n??i nh???t l?? ??? l???a tu???i h???c sinh. V?? ??? l???a tu???i c??c em th?????ng hi???u ?????ng, th??ch t?? m??, ngh???ch ng???m v?? ch??a c?? ki???n th???c, k??? n??ng ph??ng, tr??nh n??n r???t d??? b??? tai n???n ??u???i n?????c.
       1. Nguy??n nh??n g??y ??u???i n?????c:
- Nguy??n nh??n ??u???i n?????c hay x???y ra ?????i v???i tr??? l???n tu???i do b???n t??nh hi???u ?????ng, t?? m??; ?????i v???i tr??? nh??? do t??nh th??ch ngh???ch n?????c ho???c do s??? b???t c???n c???a gia ????nh. Cho d?? tr??? em kh??ng bi???t b??i l???i hay bi???t b??i l???i nh??ng do s??? ch??? quan n??n c??ng kh??ng l?????ng tr?????c h???t ???????c s??? nguy hi???m c???a tai n???n.
- Ngo??i ra, m??i tr?????ng s???ng chung quanh c??ng lu??n lu??n c?? nh???ng y???u t??? nguy c?? r??nh r???p g??y n??n tai n???n ??u???i n?????c cho tr??? em nh?? ch???u n?????c, chum v???i, b??? n?????c, gi???ng n?????c... kh??ng c?? n???p ?????y an to??n; s??ng, h???, su???i, ao n?????c... kh??ng ???????c r??o ch???n v?? c?? bi???n b??o nguy hi???m. H??n n???a, t??nh tr???ng x??y d???ng c??c c??ng tr??nh, ????o b???i khai th??c c??t, ?????t ???? tr??n lan, s??? v?? ?? th???c c???a con ng?????i... ???? ????? l???i c??c h??? ao s??u g??y nguy hi???m nh?? h??? v??i t??i, h??? l???y ?????t l??m g???ch ng??i, h??? l???y c??t, h??? l???y n?????c t?????i hoa m??u??? kh??ng c?? h??ng r??o c??ng l?? nh???ng n??i d??? g??y n??n tai n???n ??u???i n?????c.
- Tai n???n do ??u???i n?????c c?? th??? x???y ra trong c??c tr?????ng h???p: ng???t n?????c, nh???ng ng?????i kh??ng bi???t b??i ng?? xu???ng n?????c, ho???c tr??? em ng?? c???m ?????u v??o ch???u n?????c hay b???n t???m; ng???t ?????t ng???t khi v???a ti???p x??c v???i n?????c; l???n s??u d?????i n?????c khi h???t h??i kh??ng ngoi l??n k???p b??? ng???t; b??i qu?? m???t, c?? th??? m???t nhi???t do n?????c l???nh, b??? chu???t r??t r???i ng???t ??i???
      2. Ph??ng tr??nh tai n???n ??u???i n?????c:
- Kh??ng ???????c ph??p b??i khi ch??a xin ph??p b??? m???
- Kh??ng ch??i ??? nh???ng n??i g???n s??ng, h?????? khi kh??ng c?? ng?????i l???n
* Nh???ng nguy??n t???c an to??n khi b??i:
+ Kh??ng nh???y c???m ?????u ??? nh???ng n??i kh??ng c?? ch??? d???n
+ Kh??ng t???m, b??i ??? nh???ng n??i c?? n?????c s??u, ch???y xi???t, xo??y v?? kh??ng c?? ng?????i l???n bi???t b??i & c???u ??u???i.
+ Kh??ng b??i khi tr???i ???? t???i, c?? s???m ch???p, m??a.
+ Tuy???t ?????i tu??n theo c??c b???ng ch??? d???n nguy hi???m.
+ Ph???i kh???i ?????ng tr?????c khi xu???ng n?????c.
+ Kh??ng ??n u???ng khi ??ang b??i ????? tr??nh s???c n?????c.
+ Kh??ng d??ng c??c phao b??m h??i.
+ Kh??ng ??i t???m b??i l???i ??? ao h??? m???t m??nh m?? kh??ng c?? ng?????i l???n bi???t b??i ??i,k??m.
+ C???n th???c hi???n nghi??m t??c v??? an to??n giao th??ng ???????ng th???y nh??: An to??n v??? ph????ng ti???n, c?? ?????y ????? phao c???u sinh, ??o phao, ch??? ????ng s??? ng?????i quy ?????nh.
      3. X??? l?? khi g???p tai n???n ??u???i n?????c:
- Khi ph??t hi???n th???y ng?????i b??? r??i ng?? xu???ng n?????c, c???n h?? ho??n, k??u g???i m???i ng?????i ?????n ???ng c???u, gi??p ????? ngay t??? khi nh??n th???y n???n nh??n. Tuy???t ?????i kh??ng ???????c nh???y theo c???u n???n nh??n n???u m??nh kh??ng bi???t b??i v?? kh??ng bi???t c??ch c???u ??u???i v?? b???n th??n m??nh c??ng c?? th??? b??? ??u???i n?????c. 
- Nhanh ch??ng ????a n???n nh??n ra kh???i n?????c b???ng c??ch ????a c??nh tay, c??y s??o d??i cho n???n nh??n n???m, n??m phao c?? bu???c d??y th???ng... v?? k??o n???n nh??n l??n b??? m???t c??ch an to??n. C?? th??? n??m m???t s???i d??y dai, ch???c... t??? b??? ????? n???n nh??n t??m l???y ???????c d??y th???ng v?? k??o n???n nh??n v??o b???, ho???c c??ng v???i m???i ng?????i v???t n???n nh??n l??n???
- ?????t n???n nh??n n???m ch??? tho??ng kh??.
- N???u n???n nh??n b???t t???nh, ki???m tra xem c??n th??? kh??ng b???ng c??ch quan s??t chuy???n ?????ng c???a l???ng ng???c:
+ N???u l???ng ng???c kh??ng chuy???n ?????ng t???c l?? n???n nh??n ng??ng th???, h??y th???i ng???t mi???ng qua mi???ng. Sau ???? ki???m tra m???ch c???, m???ch b???n xem c?? ?????p kh??ng; n???u kh??ng b???t ???????c m???ch t???c l?? n???n nh??n ???? ng??ng tim, ph???i ???n tim ngo??i l???ng ng???c ??? n???a d?????i x????ng ???c. Ph???i h???p ???n tim v?? th???i ng???t li??n t???c tr??n ???????ng chuy???n n???n nh??n t???i c?? s??? y t???.
+ N???u n???n nh??n c??n th??? ???????c, h??y ?????t n???n nh??n n???m nghi??ng m???t b??n ????? ch???t n??n d??? tho??t ra.
- C???i b??? qu???n ??o ?????t, gi??? ???m b???ng c??ch ?????p l??n ng?????i n???n nh??n t???m kh??n kh??.
- Nhanh ch??ng ????a n???n nh??n ?????n c?? s??? y t??? ngay c??? khi n???n nh??n c?? v??? b??nh th?????ng ho???c ???? h???i ph???c ho??n to??n sau s?? c???u v?? nguy c?? kh?? th??? th??? ph??t c?? th??? x???y ra v??i gi??? sau khi ng???t n?????c???
- M??a h?? ?????n, c??c em ???????c ngh??? h??, th???i gian vui ch??i nhi???u, ?????ng th???i c??ng l?? m??a m??a l??, m??a du l???ch. V???y ch??ng t??i mong r???ng c??c b???c ph??? huynh h??y quan t??m h??n n???a ?????n tai n???n th????ng t??ch trong d???p ngh??? h?? c???a con em m??nh , ?????c bi???t c??ng t??c ph??ng ch???ng ??u???i n?????c ????? c??c ch??u c?? k??? ngh??? h?? th???c s??? an to??n v?? b??? ??ch sau m???t n??m h???c, ????? tr??nh nh???ng r???i ro ????ng ti???c n??o v???i c??c em.
M???t s??? khuy???n c??o c??c ph??? huynh n??n tham kh???o ????? gi???m thi???u
tai n???n ??u???i n?????c cho tr??? em.
1. Khuy???n c??o c??c em kh??ng n??n ch??i ????a g???n ao, h???, s??ng su???i nh???ng n??i ti???m ???n r???i ro cao, kh??ng t??? ?? n?? ????a, t???m s??ng, su???i m?? kh???ng c?? ng?????i l???n h?????ng d???n 
 2. Ch??? b??i ??? nh???ng n??i ch??? c?? ng?????i v?? ph????ng ti???n c???u h???, tu??n th??? c??c quy ?????nh c???a khu v???c b??i.
3. Khi ??i t???m bi???n hay s??ng, ng?????i bi???t b??i hay kh??ng c??ng ch??? n??n t???m g???n b???, ?????c bi???t l?? ??? bi???n, v?? d?? bi???t b??i c??ng r???t kh?? ????? b??i do s??ng bi???n ????nh li??n t???c.
Ch???p h??nh t???t c??c quy ?????nh v??? an to??n khi tham gia c??c ph????ng ti???n giao th??ng ???????ng th???y nh?? m???c ??o phao.
Khi ph??t hi???n th???y ng?????i b??? r??i ng?? xu???ng n?????c, c???n h?? ho??n, k??u g???i m???i ng?????i ?????n ???ng c???u, gi??p ????? ngay t??? khi nh??n th???y n???n nh??n. ?????ng th???i, c???n nhanh ch??ng t??m b???t k??? v???t d???ng n??o ????? c?? th??? c???u gi??n ti???p nh??: c??y s??o, phao, ??o, qu???n, d??y??? H??y cho nh???ng ng?????i b??? ??u???i n?????c b??m v??o c??c v???t d???ng n??y ????? ng?????i tr??n b??? k??o d???n v??o. Nh?? v???y, vi???c c???u n???n s??? hi???u qu??? h??n.
Tuy???t ?????i kh??ng ???????c nh???y theo c???u n???n nh??n n???u m??nh kh??ng bi???t b??i v?? kh??ng bi???t c??ch c???u ??u???i v?? b???n th??n m??nh c??ng c?? th??? b??? ??u???i n?????c.
   Ch??c c??c em c?? m???t m??a h?? ?? ngh??a v?? an to??n!
PC DUOI NUOC

Tác giả: THCSNSL

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